Posts Tagged ‘grant of education’

Literacy Programs

There are many instructional aides available that claim they are the best when it comes to teaching literacy skills. However, perhaps there is no “best” program, but a combination of programs, such as a balanced approach that encourages teachers to make conscious decisions every day about the best way to help each child become a better reader and writer; specifically to “fine tune” what he or she is doing in order to meet the needs of each child. A balanced approach recognizes the contributions of many different perspectives.

A balanced literacy program is made up of several components, such as a teacher reading aloud as this provides an example of adult literacy while developing a sense of text and story. Reading aloud also helps to improve vocabulary and active listening skills, which then encourages a prediction. Shared reading by the teacher and student helps to improve reading skills, as it develops phrasing and fluency, and increases comprehension.

Some of the additional components that are involved with the balanced literacy programs include what is called teacher guided reading. The teacher will assign a selection that is appropriate for a student’s level, as it helps to expand the student’s belief in their own abilities and improve their reading skills. It is also known to increase comprehension, develop fluency and gives the opportunity to the student to use mistakes as a learning experience.

Interactive writing is another portion of a balanced literacy program and involves the teacher and student writing portions of text together. In this instance, opportunities are provided to plan and construct the text, and it creates an opportunity to teach students how to apply what they have learned. It is also a great method for improving spelling and using resources that are available.

Once the other components have been introduced and learned, it is time for the final stage of the balanced learning program, which is independent writing. These programs help to improve a student’s knowledge concerning placing sequenced text when writing. This will help them to further improve their writing strategies, and it supports reading development as well as understanding and using the many diverse forms of writing and reading. The ultimate goal of this program is to help children develop their own active independence, such as developing problem solving skills, which they will continue to use not only in their formal education but throughout their life as well.

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Literacy Development

A broad definition of literacy is having the ability to communicate and make some type of meaning using different socially contextual symbols and signs. Improving your communication aptitude happens the more you use what you know from your own experiences and resources in writing, speaking, reading and listening, in order to make yourself understood. This language development is quite possibly the most important avenue in the quest to improve reading skills.

Experts tell us that a person’s past experiences or problems are unable to be separated from the acquisition of newer words in a literacy program. In other words, each person brings with them a new group of experiences that is based on their background, which influences their interpretation of texts. This information that they have already learned must be in some way connected with the new information in order for new learning to happen. Children from a different culture may not have the necessary prior knowledge needed in order to teach them new vocabulary meanings that are different from their own cultural contexts. For instance, a person raised in a more vegetarian culture is likely unable to understand terms such as rare, medium and well done as a reference to the cooking of meat.

In order to learn, use and apply new literacy skills children need examples and support. At the different levels of school grades, as children begin using new words on their own, a teacher will continually introduce higher standards of reading and comprehension. However, teachers still need to coach children when necessary in order for them to gain literacy confidence.

Teaching someone is much easier when you can show them how literacy will actually add value or meaning to their life. What a child brings to a learning experience does affect the outcome, so their enthusiasm, curiosity and desire to learn will help to improve reading skills and writing skills. For instance, the simple act of letter writing to a loved one will give the endeavor a more personal value, instead of just writing a generic letter in a friendly format. The connection between what they are being taught and its significance as being useful must be obvious to a child in order to ensure continued learning.

Gender, ethnic, religious and the socioeconomic differences are will influence how they interpret different learning experiences. By sharing writing and reading experiences, discussions in the classroom and similar activities, these elements all work together to support literacy development. A more stimulating interactive environment will enhance children’s skills as they construct meaning from their every day language and experiences that they encounter. When social learning context is created that allows for differing views to become explored and shared, along with encouraging collaboration and conversation among many diverse groups, then these elements will all work together to help educate them to be understanding of different cultural viewpoints. Both parents and their children need to understand and realize the relevance in order to feel more empowered by the education that they receive.

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The Educational Process

The 1993, Improving Americas Schools Act was the largest federal government contribution to the educational system (grades K through 12) and it was created to ensure that all students in the United States would be given the opportunity to develop their knowledge and skills. They have offered support in the national effort to make these education goals a reality in all schools, but especially those that serve the more disadvantaged children living in poverty. By combining federal resources and high standards with accountability, professional development and an upgraded level of instruction, teachers are now able to help guide all students to a higher level of education.

The success or failure of this will make a world of difference. For the children it may mean the difference between finding doors open or closed to them as adults. For the nation it may affect economic prosperity, democracy and world leadership, or it might mean an overall decline in the US standard of living and influence around the world.

All of this has, of course, been mentioned and suggested before; however, experts are beginning to consider that perhaps it was not specific enough, that the resources have not been focused on implementing a good literacy program. So, ESEA (Elementary and Secondary Education Act) have broken it down into what they feel are the five most important educational areas.

The traditional add-on type programs are not powerful enough to succeed. Leadership and support for world literacy will help all communities to prosper; therefore, all families and schools must do everything they can to enable their children to reach higher levels of literacy standards.

Many experts agree that setting higher standards for all children is perhaps the most important educational area that needs to be addressed closely, followed by implementing improved methods of teaching, and making learning a priority. It is believed that the third step should be the government offering more flexibility that will stimulate local initiatives, combined with sharing responsibility for student performance. Communities, parents and students must work together in order to meet the higher educational goals and finally, more federal funds should go to the areas that need it most, namely in the poorer schools and communities.

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High School Literacy Programs

An international comparison of reading comprehension and performance indicated that juniors and seniors in the United States scored significantly lower than students in Brazil, Indonesia and other developing countries. Approximately 38% of high school seniors are reading at what is considered below basic levels, which indicates that there is a need for literacy programs in schools.

Many teachers were not surprised at these findings. They said it confirmed that even students who read well enough in the lower primary grades may encounter some trouble with reading later. In both middle schools and high schools, teachers usually consider themselves to be “content specialists” and believe that elementary school teachers are the ones who should be helping children to improve reading skills. One method of turning that around is to secure ongoing development by working with a literacy specialist who will coach the teachers on the best way of infusing literacy instruction while teaching.

There has been some movement in the right direction, such as the No Child Left Behind Act, which was signed into law in 2002. In general it says that states must develop and administer assessments in the basic literacy skills if they wish to continue to receive federal funding. These exams are given to students in certain grades in order to evaluate and measure improved skills. In addition, many states require high school seniors to pass an exit test if they want to graduate.

If you need further proof that a standardized literacy program is needed for students, then consider the fallout from poor writing and reading abilities in post secondary circles as well, as 73% of employers have rated the reading and writing abilities of recent graduates as “fair” or “poor.” Over a third of the undergraduates needed remedial writing and reading courses during the first year or two in college.

Literacy programs encourage students to gain insights into the reading processes and to read for recreation. In the high school programs, teachers are encouraged to make the reading process more visible, or interactive, when teaching. School officials have been studying assessments and current research on reading and have decided that you can’t ask the students to “read to learn” if you do not provide them with the proper tools needed to do so successfully. Many pilot literacy programs have been launched and include a secondary literacy specialist who divides their time between classroom teaching and mentoring other teachers. While the student’s progress is monitored on an ongoing basis, the most compelling proof is in the personal testimonies given by both students and teachers.

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The Teacher

What makes a good teacher? If you are like many people, then you likely have a list of attributes or qualifications on what makes above average teachers. Good teachers not only have to motivate children to learn but they also have to show them the best ways to learn. Teachers with good communication skills are able to teach in ways that are relevant, meaningful and memorable. It is being passionate about their work and being able to pass that passion and drive on to their students; this is what separates mediocre teachers from stellar teachers.

Some instructors realize that you need to treat the students as “consumers of knowledge,” always being at the top of your game by using resources both inside and outside your particular area of education. But, it is not just about reading journals or manuals; it is more about leaving your comfort zone and immersing yourself in the entire community.

Being a good teacher is about leadership, listening, being responsive, questioning and above all remembering that each and every class and student is different. It is also about getting responses and developing ways of communication with the quieter students. You must be comfortable with pushing the students to excel while still being human, remaining professional and respecting others.

Keep in mind that good teaching is not necessarily about having a set agenda or being too rigid. Instead, teachers should remain flexible, not be afraid to experiment and be able to adjust to whatever the circumstances may be; remembering that while grades are important, many learning opportunities and experiences are not graded. You should be able to deviate from your scheduled lecture or other plans easily if there is a better way for students to learn.

There is style involved with teaching as well; should instruction be entertaining? Perhaps, yes, but that does not mean that it should lack meaning or substance; an effective teacher knows that it is not necessary to stand at the front of the room as if glued to the floor, or having all eyes staring at a slide show while you drone on and on. Effective ways of teaching math, literacy skills and computer skills, for example, can come from imagining your class as an orchestra and realizing that each student plays a different instrument at varying proficiencies. Good teachers teach not because they have to; not for the money. It is something that they thoroughly enjoy and can’t imagine doing anything else.

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